The processing of bearing inner and outer rings plays an important supporting and rotating role in mechanical equipment. However, its early fatigue failure often occurs, which seriously affects the normal operation and service life of the equipment. The following is an exploration of the main factors leading to this phenomenon.
First, material quality and heat treatment process are one of the key factors. If the processing of bearing inner and outer rings material has defects such as impurities and looseness, the unevenness of its internal structure will form stress concentration points when subjected to alternating loads, accelerating the generation and expansion of fatigue cracks. In addition, inappropriate heat treatment processes, such as improper quenching temperature and time control, may lead to substandard properties such as material hardness and toughness, and fail to effectively resist fatigue stress, so that the processing of bearing inner and outer rings will fail in fatigue long before the design life.
Secondly, improper installation and fit cannot be ignored. If there is a deviation in the bearing installation process, such as the inappropriate interference between the inner and outer rings and the shaft or seat hole, too loose will cause the bearing to slide relative to each other during operation, aggravate wear and cause fatigue; too tight will cause excessive installation stress, which will be superimposed with the working load during operation and exceed the fatigue limit of the material. At the same time, the misalignment problem during installation, whether axial or radial, will cause the bearing to bear additional additional loads, resulting in increased local stress and accelerated fatigue failure.
In addition, poor lubrication is a common cause. Lack of sufficient grease or lubricating oil will increase the friction between the processing of bearing inner and outer rings and the rolling elements, generate excessive heat, and then reduce the fatigue strength of the material. Moreover, if the lubricating medium is contaminated, such as impurities and water, it will further deteriorate the lubrication conditions, aggravate wear and corrosion, and under the action of alternating stress, it is more likely to cause the initiation and development of fatigue cracks, and eventually lead to early fatigue failure.
Finally, operating conditions and overload are also important factors. Under harsh operating conditions such as high speed, heavy load or frequent start and stop, the alternating stress borne by the processing of bearing inner and outer rings increases significantly, far exceeding its design allowable stress range, and fatigue damage accumulates rapidly. In addition, if an unexpected overload occurs during the operation of the equipment, such as impact load, sudden jamming, etc., the bearing will instantly bear a huge stress peak, which is very likely to cause fatigue failure, even the processing of bearing inner and outer rings with reliable quality.
The interaction of multiple factors such as material quality, installation fit, lubrication conditions and operating conditions jointly leads to the early fatigue failure of processing of bearing inner and outer rings. Therefore, in the design, manufacture, installation and use of bearings, these factors must be strictly controlled and optimized to improve the reliability and service life of bearings and ensure the stable operation of mechanical equipment.
